{"id":1113,"date":"2025-02-23T13:49:52","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T13:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/?page_id=1113"},"modified":"2025-03-01T23:00:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T23:00:15","slug":"chapter-one-dark","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/chapter-one-dark\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-one-dark"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1113\" class=\"elementor elementor-1113\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81ba382 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"81ba382\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da074b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da074b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-252aa2f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial hfe-nav-menu__align-left hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"252aa2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:11,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-grip-lines\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M496 288H16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v32c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h480c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-32c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16zm0-128H16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v32c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h480c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-32c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-grip-lines&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 512 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M496 288H16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v32c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h480c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-32c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16zm0-128H16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v32c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h480c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-32c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-far-window-close&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 512 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M464 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h416c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm0 394c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H54c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6V86c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h404c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v340zM356.5 194.6L295.1 256l61.4 61.4c4.6 4.6 4.6 12.1 0 16.8l-22.3 22.3c-4.6 4.6-12.1 4.6-16.8 0L256 295.1l-61.4 61.4c-4.6 4.6-12.1 4.6-16.8 0l-22.3-22.3c-4.6-4.6-4.6-12.1 0-16.8l61.4-61.4-61.4-61.4c-4.6-4.6-4.6-12.1 0-16.8l22.3-22.3c4.6-4.6 12.1-4.6 16.8 0l61.4 61.4 61.4-61.4c4.6-4.6 12.1-4.6 16.8 0l22.3 22.3c4.7 4.6 4.7 12.1 0 16.8z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-full-width=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-252aa2f\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-1259\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Home Page<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-680\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/about-shoah\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">About Shoah<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-694\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/rephotographing-shoah\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Rephotographing Shoah<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-701\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/chapter-one\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Chapter One<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-890\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/chapter-two\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Chapter Two<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-716\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/bios\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Bios<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-709\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/photographed-sites\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Photographed Sites<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-729\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/acknowledgements\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Acknowledgements<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-737\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/contact\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1087\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/media-en\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Media<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ff119 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35ff119\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e36e13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8e36e13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/chapter-one\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">PL<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f6763 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c4f6763\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2980e93 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2980e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/chapter-one\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-sun\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 160c-52.9 0-96 43.1-96 96s43.1 96 96 96 96-43.1 96-96-43.1-96-96-96zm246.4 80.5l-94.7-47.3 33.5-100.4c4.5-13.6-8.4-26.5-21.9-21.9l-100.4 33.5-47.4-94.8c-6.4-12.8-24.6-12.8-31 0l-47.3 94.7L92.7 70.8c-13.6-4.5-26.5 8.4-21.9 21.9l33.5 100.4-94.7 47.4c-12.8 6.4-12.8 24.6 0 31l94.7 47.3-33.5 100.5c-4.5 13.6 8.4 26.5 21.9 21.9l100.4-33.5 47.3 94.7c6.4 12.8 24.6 12.8 31 0l47.3-94.7 100.4 33.5c13.6 4.5 26.5-8.4 21.9-21.9l-33.5-100.4 94.7-47.3c13-6.5 13-24.7.2-31.1zm-155.9 106c-49.9 49.9-131.1 49.9-181 0-49.9-49.9-49.9-131.1 0-181 49.9-49.9 131.1-49.9 181 0 49.9 49.9 49.9 131.1 0 181z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2803fce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2803fce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3320cd1 elementor-arrows-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"3320cd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:297,&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;arrows&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Pol 1\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Frame-9.png\" alt=\"Frame 9\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1.-Rephoto_Shoah_Chelmno_Ner.jpg\" alt=\"Che\u0142mno. Szymon Srebrnik sings a prewar hit song \u201cMa\u0142y, bia\u0142y domek\u201d on a boat on the river Ner as he did at the request of camp guards.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Che\u0142mno. Szymon Srebrnik sings a prewar hit song \u201cMa\u0142y, bia\u0142y domek\u201d on a boat on the river Ner as he did at the request of camp guards.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2.-Rephoto_Shoah_Chelmno_Las_Rzuchowski.jpg\" alt=\"Che\u0142mno\/the Rzuchowski Forest. Srebrnik approaches a clearing where bodies were incinerated.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Che\u0142mno\/the Rzuchowski Forest. Srebrnik approaches a clearing where bodies were incinerated.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/3.-Rephoto_Shoah_Treblinka_Borowy.jpg\" alt=\"Treblinka. Czes\u0142aw Borowy, a farmer from Treblinka, observed cars with Jews on a railroad spur next to his house. When Lanzmann\u2019s interpreter Barbara Janicka inquires about his lack of empathy for the victims, Borowy responds with a Shakespearesque phrase: \u201cit doesn\u2019t hurt me when you cut your finger.\u201d\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Treblinka. Czes\u0142aw Borowy, a farmer from Treblinka, observed cars with Jews on a railroad spur next to his house. When Lanzmann\u2019s interpreter Barbara Janicka inquires about his lack of empathy for the victims, Borowy responds with a Shakespearesque phrase: \u201cit doesn\u2019t hurt me when you cut your finger.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/4.-Rephoto_Shoah_Treblinka_Gawkowski.jpg\" alt=\"Treblinka (Stacja Muzeum in Warsaw). Henryk Gawkowski, a retired driver from Ma\u0142kinia, runs a rented train with a German Ty2 locomotive. He pushed cars with victims into the Treblinka camp with a smaller locomotive.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Treblinka (Stacja Muzeum in Warsaw). Henryk Gawkowski, a retired driver from Ma\u0142kinia, runs a rented train with a German Ty2 locomotive. He pushed cars with victims into the Treblinka camp with a smaller locomotive.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/6.-Rephoto_Shoah_Sobibor_west_side.jpg\" alt=\"Sobib\u00f3r. The crew are walking around the camp on its west side. Jan Piwo\u0144ski \u2013 a retired railroad worker \u2013 explains: \u201cback then they hunted people here.\u201d\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Sobib\u00f3r. The crew are walking around the camp on its west side. Jan Piwo\u0144ski \u2013 a retired railroad worker \u2013 explains: \u201cback then they hunted people here.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/5.-Rephoto_Shoah_Sobibor_tracks.jpg\" alt=\"Sobib\u00f3r. Piwo\u0144ski traces the topography of the camp: \u201clet\u2019s walk up there so I\u2019ll show exactly where the camp used to be.\u201d\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Sobib\u00f3r. Piwo\u0144ski traces the topography of the camp: \u201clet\u2019s walk up there so I\u2019ll show exactly where the camp used to be.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"8 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/7.Rephoto_Shoah_Birkenau_Old_Jewish_Ramp.jpg\" alt=\"Brzezinka. The majority of victims disembarked the trains at the Old Jewish Ramp. Rudolf Vrba argues that extermination was so swift due to an elaborate deception about the true purpose of the camp.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Brzezinka. The majority of victims disembarked the trains at the Old Jewish Ramp. Rudolf Vrba argues that extermination was so swift due to an elaborate deception about the true purpose of the camp.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"9 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/8.-Rephoto_Shoah_Birkenau_pond.jpg\" alt=\"Birkenau. In 1944, Filip M\u00fcller had a moment of existential crisis upon discovering a German order to have the Czech family camp liquidated. The pond into which human ashes were dumped close to Crematoria IV and V.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Birkenau. In 1944, Filip M\u00fcller had a moment of existential crisis upon discovering a German order to have the Czech family camp liquidated. The pond into which human ashes were dumped close to Crematoria IV and V.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"10 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/9.-Rephoto_Shoah_Warsaw_Mila_18.jpg\" alt=\"Warsaw. Mi\u0142a 18 Street \u2013 the address of the bunker of the Jewish Fighting Organization and a mass grave of the fighters in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943. Simcha Rotem was a day late there only to learn about the deaths of other fighters. The number plaque on the wall has been moved to the other corner of the building.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Warsaw. Mi\u0142a 18 Street \u2013 the address of the bunker of the Jewish Fighting Organization and a mass grave of the fighters in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943. Simcha Rotem was a day late there only to learn about the deaths of other fighters. The number plaque on the wall has been moved to the other corner of the building.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"11 of 11\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/shoah.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/10.-Rephoto_Shoah_Warsaw_Tram.jpg\" alt=\"Warsaw. In 1943, Simcha Rotem and Yitzhak Zuckerman were shocked to learn that Poles could live their normal lives beyond the burning Ghetto. Their narrative is cut with images of busy streets in Warsaw. Here, the intersection of the Jerozolimskie Avenue and Krucza Street.\" \/><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Warsaw. In 1943, Simcha Rotem and Yitzhak Zuckerman were shocked to learn that Poles could live their normal lives beyond the burning Ghetto. Their narrative is cut with images of busy streets in Warsaw. Here, the intersection of the Jerozolimskie Avenue and Krucza Street.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b18d34e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b18d34e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1456134 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1456134\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menu Home Page About Shoah Rephotographing Shoah Chapter One Chapter Two Bios Photographed Sites Acknowledgements Contact Media PL Che\u0142mno. Szymon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"disabled","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1113","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1113"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1338,"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1113\/revisions\/1338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shoah.art\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}